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Billings APA

For the fact of being distant of the main quarters, in the last few decades had to the population crecimento of the cities, the sprouting of land divisions around of the dams Billings and Guarapiranga occurred, being thus the city grew each time more for the South, invading an extensive area of remaining Atlantic Bush of the city of So Paulo and the region Metropolitan. After 2000, when the interest for the area was despertou, mainly caused by the problems that occurred there, the city hall and the Secretariat of the Green and Environment they had year introduced some programs (public politics) in the attempt to diminish the problems caused for the irregular occupation and the contamination of the dams. The main program dated of 1996 eh known as Program Sources (SVMA, 2001) whose objective is the recovery ambient partner of slum quarters and located precarious land divisions in the region of the Guarapiranga dam. After four years paralyzed, in 2005 the Program was extended and started to also act in the areas of the Billings dam. Had its recent creation, the APA Capivari – Monos is reflected of a new politics of environment in Brazil. The governments are investing of legal form to create units of protection, whose objectives are to keep and to brake the advance of the populations on area of excellent ecological interest and the integral and controlled protection of the diverse ecosystems found in Brazil. 2.4 The Institute Chico Mendes the Areas of Ambient Protection are Unidades de Conservao of the nature of sustainable use and are tied with the Institute Chico Mendes de Conservao of Biodiversity (ICMBio). Created recently in 2007, one is about an entailed autarchy to the Ministry of the Environment of the Federal Government that integrates the National System of the Environment (Sisnama). Being its main paper to manage the 11 Units of Conservation, that are areas of important ecological value, as it is the case of the APA Capivari – Monos, fit to the institute to execute the actions of the national politics of Units of Conservation, being also exerted the function of: to consider, to implant, to manage, to protect, to fiscalize and to monitor the UCs, consisting then of vital importance for the APA.

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Itaparica Water

Its hidrogrfica basin represents 8% of domestic territory and 57% of the area of the half-barren one. They are 32 sub-basins, 168 tributaries and involves 505 cities. Its flow is interrupted by two barrages for energy generation, of Sobradinho and of Itaparica, in the verge between the Bahia and Pernambuco. The waters that feed the San Francisco are proceeding from water of rains and underground reservoirs (aquferos). The pluvial regimen of the region is known that, possesss a regimen of short period, which had to the climate and the rain scarcity in all basin, with low pluviomtricos indices in certain periods of year. The basin of the San Francisco is extensive, 2.800km of extension, meets in this region a varied ecosystem, therefore it cuts five states and its hidrogrfica basin is inserted in seven states, with diverse conditions. The pluviomtrico index in the basin of the San Francisco varies of 1.900mm in its spring in Minas Gerais 400mm in the half-barren hinterland northeastern. The river meets in advanced period of training of degradation, with the deforestation of the ciliares bushes and the areas of springs, with ousting of sewer and garbage – domestic servant and industrial of the mineradoras, pans of it and the farming activity, consequence of the action human being.

This problem is preoccupying, therefore only 5% of the sewer in the cities in the basin possess treatment. Impacts that the Project can cause: It was identified 40 impacts, being 23 of bigger relevance more than, considering that 11 is positive and 12 negatives. Between the positives we can cite: # the increase of offers and the hdrica guarantee, generation of jobs and income, dinamizao of the economy regional, increase of offers of water for the urban supplying, water supply for the agricultural populations, reduction of the exposition of the population the emergenciais situations of drought, dinamizao of the agricultural activity and incorporation of new areas to the productive process, improvement of the quality of the water in the receiving basins, reduction of the agricultural exodus and the emigration of the region, reduction of the exposition of the population the illnesses and deaths, reduction of the pressure on the health infrastructure.

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Sustainable Development Piagau

As in other categories of objective UC of sustainable use it valuation of the permanence of the traditional communities, that is, the agricultural group, with proper forms of social organization, and that it uses the natural resources as condition for its development. Nor all these communities recognize to live inside of a UC much less on which activities are allowed in these spaces. This article approaches the results reached in the period of 2009 of Program AAV, in the RDS Piagau Purus, mainly the perception ambient of these traditional communities on the use of the natural resources, the strategies of protection/monitoring and action of ambient education. METHODOLOGY the Reserve of Sustainable Development Piagau-Purus, possesss an area of 834.245 hectares and encloses the cities of Beruri, Anori Tapau and Coari. N 23,723 was created from the decree, in 5 of September of 2003, with limits with the Rebio Abufari, Aboriginal Land Ayapu Lake, Aboriginal Land Itixi Mitari, National Park Rising of the Jar and Gleba Purus (INCRA). The vegetation of the region is composed for Ecosystems of firm Land, fertile valley and Igaps with Open and Dense Ombrfila Forest of low lands; Pioneering formation Arbrea and Aluvial Arbustiva. In this unit of conservation activities are developed as: chestnut extration; it fishes advertising and of subsistence; agriculture and research.

In accordance with the plan of management of the unit the activities you harness proposals are: Handling of alligators, quelnios, pirarucu and ornamental fish; Fish commercial flour production; It fishes advertising for local fishing; Handling of not lumber forest products (aa, andiroba) and lumber; Ecoturismo. However conflicts exist as the chestnut extration in private lands, fish illegal, illegal hunting, wooden illegal extration and tourism associated with illegal the esportiva hunting. For being categorized as a unit of conservation of sustainable use it had the necessity of the implantation of Program AAV, to fortify the strategies of protection, monitoring and of ambient education in the traditional communities of entorno and inside of the UC.